The olive fruit fly poses a significant threat to olive trees as it is considered a major insect pest. Originally from the Mediterranean region, where it has been causing problems for centuries, this fly has now spread to other parts of the world. The adult olive fruit fly is not frequently observed, but its impact becomes evident through its egg-laying behavior. It lays eggs just beneath the surface of the olive fruit skin.

Once hatched, the larvae of the olive fruit fly consume the flesh of the olive, leaving behind distinctive brown tracks and tunnels. This damage not only renders the fruit unsuitable for table consumption but also makes it vulnerable to rot and premature dropping. While most noticeable harm occurs in the autumn season, prior to that, infested fruit may only exhibit small spots or punctures. Upon cutting open the fruit, however, the presence of brown lines (tunnels) and maggots becomes apparent.

It is important to note that the olive fruit fly can only reproduce in olives, further emphasizing the significance of controlling its population to protect olive trees and their fruit.